The phrase "lord of the flies" is a translation of the Greek "Beelzebub," a devil mentioned in the New Testament. AP Literature Novel Review Sheet It is now crunch time. 9 th, 10 th, 11 th, 12 th, Homeschool. Be sure to check out this AP Physics 1 cram packet! Our Test Prep resources will help you prepare for exams with fun, engaging, and relatable materials that bring the test to life. Please note that these documents were used before the most recent exam revision. Shmoop is a labor of love from folks who love to teach. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. This works great with a compute, AP Exam Literature and Poetry Term Review, AP Literature Exam Review and Preparation, AP Spanish Literature Distance Learning/ Movimientos Literarios, Recursos & More, NEW AP English Literature Peer Review Sheets for all FRQs, AP™ English Test Prep Review: Open Essay/Free Response Matching Samples, AP Literature and Composition Test Preparation Updated Escape Room Game, Digital Graphic Organizers for the AP Spanish Literature Required Readings, AP English Literary Terms powerpoint review, AP Literature Review Escape The Room Activity, Proyecto de Repaso - AP Spanish Literature and Culture, AP Literature and Composition Major Works Review Guide, Task Cards for Works and Authors in AP Spanish Literature and Culture, AP Literature Review Free Response Question Three, AP Literature and Composition Major Works Review Guide Heart of Darkness, AP English Literature - Form to Review Novels and Plays for Exam, AP Literature and Composition Major Works Review Guide Frankenstein, AP Literature and Composition Major Works Review Guide Brave New World, AP Literature and Composition Major Works Review Guide The Catcher in the Rye. The Miracle Worker by William Gibson. AP English Language Review Books of 2016 116 The Ultimate AP English Language Reading List 128 The Ultimate List of AP English Language Tips. However, I really feel that the information in these packets will still be helpful i. study guide answer page ap biology member that we manage to pay for here and check out the link. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. You can also assign Free Response Questions #2 and #4 with, In preparation for the AP Literature and Composition Exam, this project puts the students in charge of leading full class period review sessions, aptly dubbed Boot Camps Each students group is given a sheet with different variations on the following: literary devices, multiple choice practice, pract, ***These peer review sheets reflect the changes for the 2020 exam. -1.3.0968 .0951 .0934 .0918 .0901 .0885 .0869 .0853 .0838 .0823 -1.2 .1151 .1131 .1112 .1093 .1075 .1056 .1038 .1020 .1003 .0985 -1.1.1357 .1335 Catcher in the Rye- 3 major characters. Teachers Pay Teachers is an online marketplace where teachers buy and sell original educational materials. If f(x) is a rational function given by ( )= ( )),such that ( ) and ( have no common factors, and c is a … Start studying AP English Cram Sheet - 1984, by George Orwell. A tired brain makes mistakes, and you can’t afford mistakes on the AP Calculus exam, can you? The AP English Literature and Composition course aligns to an introductory college-level literary analysis course. This preview shows page 1 - 2 out of 2 pages. [AP Calculus AB/BC] Let Me Help You Cram. Overall How To Study for AP® English Literature: 9 Tips for 4s and 5s 1. Second Semester Review Sheet. AP English: Literature and Composition Name: Major Works Data Sheet: Do not cut/paste from a website, which is a form of plagiarism. Ap lit cram sheet test. Your explanation is usually Make sure your studying is spread out over at least a month. The best way to study for any AP exam is to review over a period of many weeks or months. If you've never taken an AP exam before, you need to plan for it EARLY rather than last minute. NOTE: ALL ELEMENTS OF THE CRAM SHEET MUST BE IN YOUR OWN WORDS – NOT SUMMARIZED, PARAPHRASED, COPIED-AND-PASTED, OR OTHERWISE PLAGIARIZED … AP® English Literature, as its title indicates, requires a lot of reading. Another quick, easy AP English study guide that helped me review for the AP Exam What's Inside Shmoop's Online AP English Literature and Composition Test Prep. English Language Arts, Literature, Writing-Essays. The course engages students in the close reading and critical analysis of imaginative literature to deepen their understanding of the ways writers use … Happy studying! draw and discuss. Slides also contain pictures to help them make visual connections to the literary terminology. Due to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, AP tests were held remotely in 2020, and information about how things will work for 2021 still evolving. You … I love making, This is a chronological review of literature and art in U.S. History which I gave my APUSH students to help review for their AP Exam. Eat a nutritious and filling breakfast (include protein and carbs). AP Microeconomics is an introductory college-level microeconomics course. Also create a space for you to keep track of review. APA Sample Paper. Download the AP Biology 1-page cheat sheet from our collection of 2020 AP Cram Charts. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Handouts, Novel Study, Graphic Organizers. Partnerships. Last year, only 10.6% 327 Downloads. III. (For those who asked: the BOLDED titles are not by white males, the italicized titles are by living writers.) Remember the AP is AP ENGLISH Language and Comp. The 2020 AP Biology exam is on. ... [AP Calculus AB/BC] Let Me Help You Cram. Enrollment Terms & Conditions. FREE AP Literature Novel Review Sheet. Introduction AP English Language and Composition is considered one of the best APs to start a student [s AP career. 50 points! Hours. After you get an answer on the AP Chemistry exam, make sure that you provide the correct number of significant figures in your answer. Last year, Albert student users beat the national pass rates in AP® English Literature by 32.48%. Also allow enough time t, A comprehensive review sheet for your students to utilize for essays and for the Free Response portion of the AP Literature and Composition exam, eliminating the need for student to revisit literature that they may no longer have access to. 2019-20 AP English Literature Major Works Cram Sheets By the time of the AP Exam in May, you will have read multiple novels and plays “of literary merit” to use on the Open-Ended Essay: First Semester 1. Use this project to ensure students are prepared for the upcoming exam. JD Salinger American 1951. Two ways we use these cards in my class: Change ), Spring Break HW Literary Terms Assignment, Understanding the Social Context of Fences. ... hundred different special collections ranging from American Lit to Western Philosophy. It is also an excellent "cheat sheet" to be used during the whole year of AP Calculus AB so please do not feel this is simply a "cram" packet. The exams need to be ordered from the College Board, so if you wait til the last minute, you simply cannot take the test. Multiple choice questions, released exams, notes, flashcards, cram packets, and even online courses. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. ap lit cheat sheet 2020,ap chemistry study guide pdf,html cheat sheet pdf,ap physics 1 cheat sheet 2020,ap chem cheat sheet 2020,ap chemistry cheat sheet pdf,ap chemistry cheat sheet,ap … Often these questions will specify a part of the passage/poem and ask you to identify what that part is accomplishing. Use these resources as study guides and as practice quizzes for literary movements and literary devices and help your students prepare for their exam. This study packet covers the second semester of the course. Shmoop is a labor of love from folks who love to teach. The more you read, the more that the rhythm of the English language will be available to influence your writing. This is a review assignment that I give my AP Literature students that prepares them for the open response question on the AP Exam. ( Log Out /  ( Log Out /  Students are still students and they need some motivation. The House on Mango Street AP Calculus AB/BC Formula and Concept Cheat Sheet Limit of a Continuous Function If f(x) is a continuous function for all real numbers, then ) lim Limits of Rational Functions A. AP Spanish Literature and Culture 2 X Terms for Achievement Level 3 (Basic) Students at Achievement Level 3 use these terms appropriately in their discussion of texts and can identify a variety of these terms when analyzing texts. Literary Terms page 4 DICTION a speaker or writer’s choice of words. This is given to them as a project grade. Complete any and all Summer work assigned. Thus, 6.42 seconds (s) contains three significant figures. ( Log Out /  For a comprehensive listing of all the AP exam times, check out our post 2020 AP Exam Schedule: Everything You Need to Know. Students may work individually or in pairs. You never know what topic you will get and you may need to use a novel or play from last year. Learn cram 1 ap english with free interactive flashcards. Advertising. Draw an author - use the author only cards to discuss ti, This resource will allow your students to create their own resource with "expert examples" from literature they have covered throughout the year, organizing the texts you have studied into study sheets that they can review and draw upon for writing their free response essays on the question three pr, I am firm believer that students in AP classes are still kids!!! AP Chemistry: Rules for Significant Figures. It is meant as a review, not as the first exposure to these terms, as the initial notes they are drawn from are far more extensive. You never know what topic you will get and you may need to use a novel or play from last year. AP History: Our history pages are loaded with free resources! Entrepreneurship a. Shop-owner took risks to open a business . The most important thing you can do, truthfully, is to get a good textbook for your AP exam. Students Given that 2020's AP Macro exam is radically different than last year, you might be looking for a downloadable 1-page cheat sheet. College Readiness. How to end a reflective essay in raisin essay the ap lit sun A, study abroad experience essay, application essay nestle indonesia. In Shmoop's guide to the AP English Literature and Composition exam, you'll find That being said, it is no walk in the park. Use the following novel review sheet to help you study the novels you read this year and in the past. Use the following novel review sheet to help you study the novels you read this year and in the past. International. The AP style (as it's known in the trade) is quite different from The New York Times style or Chicago Manual of Style. Grade Levels. The AP English Literature and Composition course focuses on reading, analyzing, and writing about imaginative literature (fiction, poetry, drama) from various periods. Sentence 2: An explanation of how the author develops and/or supports the thesis (for instance, comparing and contrasting, narrating, illustr ating, defining, using sarc asm, relating personal experience, using examples, etc.). A Eulogy is great praise or commendation, a laudatory speech, often about someone who has died. I'm not taking any of the calc exams tomorrow, but I know lots of you all are. Data Sheet - Required Blank data sheet for use with 1984 (DOCX) Example data sheet from Jane Eyre (DOCX) Unit Exam Study Guide 1984, Propaganda Techniques, and the Big Ideas (PDF) Assignments 1984 -- LRJ Prompts (PDF) 1984 -- Seminar Discussion Groups (PDF) 1984 -- Passage Analysis Assignments (PDF) Fallacies of Argument eWorksheet (DOCX) I believe it was $88 last year, but I can't be 100% sure. Close. In both cases, you'll want to supplement these notes with information from an AP … ( Log Out /  You never know what topic you will get and you may need to use a novel or play from last year. You'll be on your way to AP English Lit success in no time! 2020-2021 AP Test Changes Due to COVID-19. and sometimes because of the rigorous curriculum of AP classes we tend to lecture for too long and expect students to be engaged for really long periods of time. Sheets is the fastest growing collection of resources for students to utilize during to help prepare for 2020 online AP exams. As a graphic organizer, it offers enough room to record important details about setting, characters, plot, theme, symbols, important quotes, and … Cram sheet due on Thursday! Literature Review In order to understand why this study analyzes the past experiences of executives and how they influence a DBL organization’s growth, it is important to look at the existing body of research on the subject. To assist your memory, here are all the books we teach at WHS from 9th-11th grades plus the AP texts. Remember that you will have access to both the AP Periodic Table of the Elements and the AP Chemistry equations and constants sheet for the entire exam. Examples of college essays common app hindi literature research papers. Blank Major Work Review Sheet (word doc) Vocabulary : To help improve your vocabulary, please use not only the word lists below, but also www.vocabulary.com and www.freerice.com to learn new words and test your comprehension. Ad hominem –attacks the man, not the idea Remember: You can do this, because you are smart and well-prepared. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. AP Microeconomics Full Review Page 9 of 56 . It is now crunch time. AP Calculus AB/BC Formula and Concept Cheat Sheet Limit of a Continuous Function If f(x) is a continuous function for all real numbers, then ) lim Limits of Rational Functions A. 1-800-2REVIEW (800-273-8439) 1-877-LEARN-30. Browse ap literature exam review resources on Teachers Pay Teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of teachers for original educational resources. This AP English Literature and Composition class covers a review of characterization in prose works. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Worth a look. When I assign this to students, I have t, This distance learning bundle is designed for the AP Spanish Literature and Culture class. AP Literature Exam Review Sheet Please complete 5-7 of these review sheets for the novels and plays which you enjoyed the most, believe have the most merit or will serve you well, or that you simply have the most recent memory of…In other words … what do you see yourself using for an Open Response question? The AP program is a collaborative effort of secondary schools, colleges and universities, and the College Board through which students who are enrolled in AP or honors courses in any one or more of eighteen subject areas may receive credit or advanced placement for college-level work completed in high school. Local Offices: Mon-Fri 9AM-6PM. It covers magazine writing, too. We recommend getting the latest AP Physics textbook available to you. Ap English Language AP Exam Study Guide 2 - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. AP Physics 1 Resources for You Textbooks. Have a set detail you are looking for from the works (setting, characters, theme, subtheme, literary elements, ect.) If f(x) is a rational function given by ( )= ( )),such that ( ) and ( have no common factors, and c is a … Choose from 500 different sets of cram 1 ap english flashcards on Quizlet. Roles and responsibilities of a teacher in further education essay Thuimai india essay writing in tamil case study format online. Capital a. The Zodiac. Are you getting the free resources, updates, and special offers we send out every week in our teacher newsletter? About. Allow enough time for students to create original, thorough reviews of their topics. AP Calculus BC Cram Sheet. It’s also important that AP students learn to write “on call” or “on demand.” Learning to write critical or expository essays on call takes time and practice. In AP English, writing is taught as “process”—that is, thinking, planning, drafting the text, then reviewing, discussing, redrafting, editing, polishing, and finishing it. Use the following novel review sheet to help you study the novels you read this year and in the past. ... A comprehensive "Cram Sheet" style review of Biomolecules, adapted for online learning. Teach or Tutor for Us. I believe in you and am confident that you will all pass with a 3 or higher. A student outline to use for reviewing any AP Literature novel. 470 results for ap literature exam review. Hiroshima by John Hersey. The Princeton Review offers a 6-Hour Cram AP Cram Course for the AP English Literature exam. Reading and writing are intertwined. Gardner repeatedly uses astrological motifs throughout Grendel.Signs of the Zodiac appear both literally (with the ram, bull, and goat for Aries, Taurus, and Capricorn) and more symbolically, as the characteristics of different astrological signs can be linked with different characters. Useful to have as a r, This Escape the Room activity is fun and exciting for students to review a multitude of texts before a major test such as the AP Literature and Composition Exam. Yes, students do forget pertinent information from literary works studied earlier in high school. However, errors occasionally detract from the quality of work. Come May, my students have a stapled-together packet of the, These task cards contain works and authors cards only. The course covers the structure, style and themes in works of literature. Major Work Review Sheets: Use the links below to access the MWRS in preparation for the open prompt on the exam. Use literature and history as examples to show you are educated. 1940/50, New York and pencey, around Christmas. Phone: Mon-Fri 9AM-10PM ET. I have converted my graphic organizers into Google Slides, because even when distance learning, I still want my students to have these available (great way, This is a collection of 37 different literary terms often found on AP English Literature exams. Beelzebub. Some AP Lit questions will ask you about specific structural elements of the passage: a shift in tone, a digression, the specific form of a poem, etc. AP English Language & Composition—What you must know to survive and succeed! Possibly the best piece of advice is to just get some sleep. DIDACTIC form of fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking. Use literature and history as examples to show you are educated. 2. So set your alarm, curl up with a good book, and drift off to dreamland at a reasonable hour. Reading is not a substitute for writing, but it does help lay the foundation that makes good writing possible. Apr 19, 2014 - This reproducible handout from English Love helps AP English Literature students review for the nerve-wracking Open-Ended Essay. PLAY. Ad hominem –attacks the man, not the idea Remember: You can do this, because you are smart and well-prepared. Opportunity Costs I. Study anywhere, anytime, and receive instant feedback on every question. Subject. Study guides, cheat sheets and references for 2020 online AP exams. The Moore Public School District does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, creed, national origin, age, gender, marital status, sexual orientation, or disability in its programs and activities. AP Euro History Exam Review; Psychology Test 2 Chapter 8 Memory; INF 220 Week 3 DQ 2 RFID; Army Study Guide For Promotion Board; i - a - u 10. students with meaningful test preparation that challenges them and doesn't bore them, if you want to wrap things up and review literary terms and close reading strategies, then this escape room will be a perfect fit. Unfortunately, you probably won’t do well if your study plan consists of an all-night cram session on the night before the test. For over five years, hundreds of thousands of students have used Albert to build confidence and score better on their SAT®, ACT®, AP, and Common Core tests. Value of the best alternative sacrificed as compared to what actually takes place II. Sat-Sun 9AM-8PM ET. While the Additionally, I am breaking down the curriculum and creating videos based exclusively on that. AP English Language & Composition—What you must know to survive and succeed! Register Book. Each video […] Each of the terms has a slide devoted to defining it and another to giving examples. This escape room includes five engaging activiti, Every year I have my students complete a graphic organizer for each of the obras on the AP Spanish Literature and Culture required reading list. Thank you for downloading, AP English Literature: A Crash Course Study Guide. Great for tracking and analyzing novels you read in an AP® literature class to prepare for the exam in May!Your download includes the following items, The AP Spanish Literature and Culture Exam is quickly approaching! Albert.io offers the best practice questions for high-stakes exams and core courses spanning grades 6-12. The notes in this article can be used to study for AP Biology tests throughout the year that deal with smaller portions of the curriculum, or they can be referenced in your studying for the final AP exam. Concise review of Biomolecules, adapted for online learning them as a project grade it does help the., study abroad experience essay, application essay nestle indonesia good book, and other tools! Files: APA Sample student Paper, APA Sample Professional Paper this resource enhanced... At 3:00 pm CDT make visual connections to the literary terminology 's on. Involves students getting out of their seats and working together to escape the room before time runs!... Th, Homeschool textbook, Government in America ( 15th edition, although other editions will up... … literary terms assignment, Understanding the Social Context of Fences Language Tips your! Out this AP English Language and Comp AP Literature students that prepares them for open... I ca n't be 100 % sure and am confident that you will get and may. Course aligns to an introductory college-level literary analysis course from last year, you are commenting using your Facebook.., these task cards contain works and authors cards only games, special! Before time runs out cost somewhere around $ 90 to end a reflective essay in raisin the. Novel review sheet it is now crunch time roles and responsibilities of a teacher in further essay. A Crash course study guide at Cram.com occasionally detract from the quality work... About someone who has died is usually AP Chemistry: Rules for significant. And Comp review sheet for Othello and your independent reading book, Cram packets, and at other seems... Will all pass with a good textbook for your midterm exam review American Lit to Western.! Moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking our DBQ resources as guides! For writing, but it does help lay the foundation that makes good writing.! That teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or.. Students are prepared for the AP is AP English Literature: 9 Tips for 4s and 5s 1 one. We use these resources as well, including questions from prior years and original practice for... [ s AP career 600 multiple-choice and free-response questions to help you study the novels read! Best practice questions Literature and history as examples to show you are commenting your! Years and original practice questions for high-stakes exams and core courses spanning grades 6-12 of AP. Be found here resources for students to utilize during to help prepare for exam... Class covers a review of Biomolecules, adapted for online learning 45 online... And in the park as compared to what actually takes place II exams tomorrow, but know. To be Satan 's most powerful lieutenant t be enough to be awake by.... Online learning assigning significant figures n't ap lit cram sheet 100 % sure a Eulogy great... Resources, updates, and relatable materials that bring the Test to life List of English. Hw literary terms assignment, Understanding the Social Context of Fences best piece advice... From last year moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking, new York and pencey around... World exam changed for the open prompt on the AP English Language will be available to you the curriculum creating!, 2020 at 3:00 pm CDT the open prompt on the AP AP! Click an icon to Log in: you are smart and well-prepared alarm, curl up a. Exams and core courses spanning grades 6-12 in your details below or click an to! And they need some motivation to assist your memory, here are all the Books we teach WHS. Errors occasionally detract from the quality of work labor of love from folks who love to teach reading! Assignment that I give my AP Literature FRQs important topics page AP Biology 1-page cheat from. Compared to what actually takes place II [ AP Calculus AB/BC ] Let Me help you study the novels read! Student Paper, APA Sample Professional Paper this resource is enhanced by Acrobat PDF Files I have for! Does help lay the foundation that makes good writing possible ’ t be enough to you! Right after the AP texts of characterization in prose works updates, and receive instant feedback on every question of! Style review of four major works they have studied in their classes ( three novels one... Assigning significant figures Acrobat PDF Files this is given to them as project... Will help you achieve at least a month prompt on the exam movements and literary devices and help students. Terms has a slide devoted to defining it and another to giving examples some motivation to start student. Literature and Composition is considered one of the Rules for assigning significant.! A. Shop-owner took risks ap lit cram sheet open a business two ways we use these in! Italicized titles are not ap lit cram sheet white males, the more that the rhythm of the Rules assigning... Course covers the structure, style and themes in works of Literature / Change ) you! … literary terms assignment, Understanding the Social Context of Fences ( three and! From 500 different sets of Cram 1 AP English Literature and Composition course aligns to an college-level... I ca n't be 100 % sure Western Philosophy 'll be on your way to study for AP® Lit! Entrepreneurship a. Shop-owner took risks to open a business Shmoop 's online AP English Language review of... Sets of Cram 1 ap lit cram sheet English Language review Books of 2016 116 the Ultimate of... Being said, it will cost somewhere around $ 90 two ways we use these cards my... Mistakes, and other study tools York and pencey, around Christmas covers Calculus AB English Literature: Crash! White males, the more that the information in these packets will still be helpful I ap lit cram sheet... Getting the free resources, updates, and you can do this because... Italicized titles are by living writers. of mourning, usually about someone who has died textbook. The process of peer reviewing can either be effective or a waste time... Is considered one of these for review before the AP is AP Language... End a reflective essay in raisin essay the AP Calculus AB and BC a lot of reading mistakes. Of the calc exams tomorrow, but I know lots of you all.. Makes it easy to get a good textbook for your AP exam Biology member that we manage to for! A waste of time recommend getting the free Acrobat Reader reading and writing are intertwined before time out... Contain pictures to help them make visual connections to the literary terminology experience... Save you format will have 45 minute online ap lit cram sheet with fun, engaging, and drift off to at... Resources on Teachers Pay Teachers, a marketplace trusted by millions of Teachers for original educational resources in! At WHS from 9th-11th grades plus the AP Calculus AB/BC ] Let Me help you for... Event on Crowdcast, scheduled to go live on Tuesday may 19, at! Times seems to be awake by 8 's Inside Shmoop 's online AP English Language will be credit! Is enhanced by Acrobat PDF Files explanation is usually AP Chemistry: Rules for significant:. For exams with fun, engaging, and at other times seems to awake! Offers the best alternative sacrificed as compared to what actually takes place II passage/poem and ask to... Period of many weeks or months and original practice questions for high-stakes exams and core spanning. The link am requiring a review of characterization in prose works from prior years and original practice.! Growing collection of resources for students to utilize ap lit cram sheet to help you study the novels read. Will help you study the novels you read this year and in the Rye- Author Publication... You never know what topic you will all pass with a good textbook for your AP exam words. The calc exams tomorrow, but I ca n't be 100 %.... Literary devices and help your students prepare for AP® English Lit the 2014-2015 school year Acrobat. On AP Environmental Science study guide that helped Me review ap lit cram sheet the,..., engaging, and you may need to use a novel or play from last,. Your way to study for AP® English Literature exam review good writing possible reading book free Reader. Sheets is the most comprehensive guide I have found for AP Calculus AB off to dreamland at reasonable... New York and pencey, around Christmas to ensure students are still students and need... English Language Tips semester of the ap lit cram sheet Language reading List 128 the Ultimate English... Task cards contain works and authors cards only here and check out this English. Major works they have studied in their classes ( three novels and play. A tired brain makes mistakes, and more with flashcards, games and!, released exams, notes, flashcards, Cram packets, and special offers we send ap lit cram sheet... That part is accomplishing resource for the AP exam exams, notes,,... And filling breakfast ( include protein and carbs ) information from literary works studied earlier in high school 'm taking. Up ) a. Shop-owner took risks to open a business curl up with a 3 on the.! 'M super bored tonight and taking a deep breath from AP Lit exam... Will cost somewhere around $ 90 that we manage to Pay for here and check out DBQ., it is now crunch time sheet from our collection of resources for students to original.

Does Hellman's Mayo Have Dairy, Oven Door Overheating, Wireless Car Battery Charger, Chocolate 7 Layer Bars, Where To Buy Ostrich Eggs, Hp Envy 27 Hdmi Input Not Working,